BACKGROUND: Aging in the lower face leads to lines, wrinkles, depression of the corners of the mouth, and changes in lip volume and lip shape, with increased sagging of the skin of the jawline. Refined, easy-to-use, validated, objective standards assessing the severity of these changes are required in clinical research and practice. OBJECTIVE: To establish the reliability of eight lower face scales assessing nasolabial folds, marionette lines, upper and lower lip fullness, lip wrinkles (at rest and dynamic), the oral commissure and jawline, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four 5-point rating scales were developed to objectively assess upper and lower lip wrinkles, oral commissures, and the jawline. Twelve experts rated identical lower face photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using eight 5-point scales. Inter- and intrarater reliability of responses was assessed. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was substantial or almost perfect for all lower face scales, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. Intrarater reliability was high for all scales, areas and the lower face unit. CONCLUSION: Our rating scales are reliable tools for valid and reproducible assessment of the aging process in lower face areas.
BACKGROUND: Aging in the lower face leads to lines, wrinkles, depression of the corners of the mouth, and changes in lip volume and lip shape, with increased sagging of the skin of the jawline. Refined, easy-to-use, validated, objective standards assessing the severity of these changes are required in clinical research and practice. OBJECTIVE: To establish the reliability of eight lower face scales assessing nasolabial folds, marionette lines, upper and lower lip fullness, lip wrinkles (at rest and dynamic), the oral commissure and jawline, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four 5-point rating scales were developed to objectively assess upper and lower lip wrinkles, oral commissures, and the jawline. Twelve experts rated identical lower face photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using eight 5-point scales. Inter- and intrarater reliability of responses was assessed. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was substantial or almost perfect for all lower face scales, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. Intrarater reliability was high for all scales, areas and the lower face unit. CONCLUSION: Our rating scales are reliable tools for valid and reproducible assessment of the aging process in lower face areas.
Authors: Claudia A Hernandez; Michael Alfertshofer; Konstantin Frank; Lysander Freytag; Diana L Gavril; Kristina Davidovic; Robert H Gotkin; Arnaldo Mercado-Perez; Samir Mardini; Sebastian Cotofana Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg Date: 2022-06-01 Impact factor: 2.326
Authors: Fernando Urdiales-Gálvez; Nuria Escoda Delgado; Vitor Figueiredo; José V Lajo-Plaza; Mar Mira; Francisco Ortíz-Martí; Rosa Del Rio-Reyes; Nazaret Romero-Álvarez; Sofía Ruiz Del Cueto; María A Segurado; Cristina Villanueva Rebenaque Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg Date: 2017-04-14 Impact factor: 2.326
Authors: Hugues Cartier; Per Hedén; Henry Delmar; Per Bergentz; Cecilia Skoglund; Carolina Edwartz; Maria Norberg; Philippe Kestemont Journal: Dermatol Surg Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 2.914
Authors: Cristina Pires Camargo; Jun Xia; Caroline S Costa; Rolf Gemperli; Maria Dc Tatini; Max K Bulsara; Rachel Riera Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2021-07-05
Authors: G-F Raschke; P Eberl; G-A Thompson; A Güntsch; A Peisker; S Schultze-Mosgau; M Gomez-Dammeier; G Djedovic; U-M Rieger; F Beuer Journal: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal Date: 2016-07-01