Role of the musculoskeletal system and the prevention of falls.

Approximately 30% of older adults fall at least once per year, with falls being the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries for individuals in this age group. Because of projected increases in the older adult population, the annual cost of fatal and nonfatal fall-related injuries is estimated to reach $32.4 billion in 2020. Falls in older adults are likely due to an interaction of multiple risk factors, including vitamin D deficiency, diminished strength and coordination, depression, multiple medications, and home hazards. Ultimately, the evidence supports a multifaceted approach to screening for fall-related risk factors and targeting treatment to address specific risks for each patient. While keeping in mind that the patient is the product of the dynamic interaction of body, mind, and spirit, the osteopathic physician is well suited to provide comprehensive, patient-centered care.