PURPOSE: Deficiency of prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, encoded by LEPRE1, causes recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We previously identified a LEPRE1 mutation exclusively in African Americans and contemporary West Africans. We hypothesized that this allele originated in West Africa and was introduced to the Americas with the Atlantic slave trade. We aimed to determine the frequency of carriers for this mutation among African Americans and West Africans, and the mutation origin and age. METHODS: Genomic DNA was screened for the mutation using PCR and restriction digestion, and a custom TaqMan genomic single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. The mutation age was estimated using microsatellites and short tandem repeats spanning 4.2 Mb surrounding LEPRE1 in probands and carriers. RESULTS: Approximately 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.68%) of Mid-Atlantic African Americans carry this mutation, estimating recessive OI in 1/260,000 births in this population. In Nigeria and Ghana, 1.48% (95% confidence interval: 0.95-2.30%) of unrelated individuals are heterozygous carriers, predicting that 1/18,260 births will be affected with recessive OI, equal to the incidence of de novo dominant OI. The mutation was not detected in Africans from surrounding countries. All carriers shared a haplotype of 63-770 Kb, consistent with a single founder for this mutation. Using linkage disequilibrium analysis, the mutation was estimated to have originated between 650 and 900 years before present (1100-1350 CE). CONCLUSION: We identified a West African founder mutation for recessive OI in LEPRE1. Nearly 1.5% of Ghanians and Nigerians are carriers. The estimated age of this allele is consistent with introduction to North America via the Atlantic slave trade (1501-1867 CE).
PURPOSE: Deficiency of prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, encoded by LEPRE1, causes recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We previously identified a LEPRE1 mutation exclusively in African Americans and contemporary West Africans. We hypothesized that this allele originated in West Africa and was introduced to the Americas with the Atlantic slave trade. We aimed to determine the frequency of carriers for this mutation among African Americans and West Africans, and the mutation origin and age. METHODS: Genomic DNA was screened for the mutation using PCR and restriction digestion, and a custom TaqMan genomic single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. The mutation age was estimated using microsatellites and short tandem repeats spanning 4.2 Mb surrounding LEPRE1 in probands and carriers. RESULTS: Approximately 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.68%) of Mid-Atlantic African Americans carry this mutation, estimating recessive OI in 1/260,000 births in this population. In Nigeria and Ghana, 1.48% (95% confidence interval: 0.95-2.30%) of unrelated individuals are heterozygous carriers, predicting that 1/18,260 births will be affected with recessive OI, equal to the incidence of de novo dominant OI. The mutation was not detected in Africans from surrounding countries. All carriers shared a haplotype of 63-770 Kb, consistent with a single founder for this mutation. Using linkage disequilibrium analysis, the mutation was estimated to have originated between 650 and 900 years before present (1100-1350 CE). CONCLUSION: We identified a West African founder mutation for recessive OI in LEPRE1. Nearly 1.5% of Ghanians and Nigerians are carriers. The estimated age of this allele is consistent with introduction to North America via the Atlantic slave trade (1501-1867 CE).
Authors: C M Zeigler-Johnson; A H Walker; B Mancke; E Spangler; M Jalloh; S McBride; A Deitz; S B Malkowicz; D Ofori-Adjei; S M Gueye; T R Rebbeck Journal: Hum Hered Date: 2002 Impact factor: 0.444
Authors: Giulio Genovese; David J Friedman; Michael D Ross; Laurence Lecordier; Pierrick Uzureau; Barry I Freedman; Donald W Bowden; Carl D Langefeld; Taras K Oleksyk; Andrea L Uscinski Knob; Andrea J Bernhardy; Pamela J Hicks; George W Nelson; Benoit Vanhollebeke; Cheryl A Winkler; Jeffrey B Kopp; Etienne Pays; Martin R Pollak Journal: Science Date: 2010-07-15 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Brooke S Wright; Ngozi A Nwokoro; Christopher A Wassif; Forbes D Porter; John S Waye; Barry Eng; Małgorzata J M Nowaczyk Journal: Am J Med Genet A Date: 2003-07-01 Impact factor: 2.802
Authors: Roy Morello; Terry K Bertin; Yuqing Chen; John Hicks; Laura Tonachini; Massimiliano Monticone; Patrizio Castagnola; Frank Rauch; Francis H Glorieux; Janice Vranka; Hans Peter Bächinger; James M Pace; Ulrike Schwarze; Peter H Byers; MaryAnn Weis; Russell J Fernandes; David R Eyre; Zhenqiang Yao; Brendan F Boyce; Brendan Lee Journal: Cell Date: 2006-10-20 Impact factor: 41.582