Rasburicase for the treatment of tumor lysis in hematological malignancies.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common oncologic emergency in patients with hematological malignancies sensitive to cytotoxic treatment that present a high proliferative rate. High proliferative cancer rate, high sensitivity of cytotoxic treatment and renal failure represent risk factors for development of TLS. TLS is also responsible for several electrolytic alterations, such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. There are different established therapeutic options for the treatment of TLS such as hydration, allopurinol and rasburicase. Rasburicase reduces uric acid levels within 4 h, both in pediatric and adult patients, catalyzing the oxidation of uric acid into allantoin, rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Rasburicase is well tolerated and was approved in the EU and in the USA for the management of acute hyperuricemia.