M A Kamp1, Y Tahsim-Oglou, H-J Steiger, D Hänggi. 1. Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany. marcelalexander.kamp@uni-duesseldorf.de
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is probably as old as human beings. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the first treatise describing the treatment of patients with TBI and allows insights into the medical examination and treatment of head-injured patients in ancient Egypt. METHOD: Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles in the treatment of TBI in ancient Egypt were analyzed. RESULTS: Methodically, cases and the presentation of each case are neatly classified within the papyrus. The papyrus contains the first description of the brain, pulsations, contusions as the result of TBI, the dura, and cerebrospinal fluid, revealing a more or less sophisticated knowledge of cerebral anatomy. Furthermore, ancient physicians examined wounds, fractures, signs of basal skull fractures, and associated neurological or infectious symptoms, and classified the injury pattern according to their prognosis. Therapeutic options at this time seemed to have been limited. CONCLUSIONS: The Edwin Smith Papyrus reveals astonishing observation skill when considering the methods and limits of ancient times. These physicians were able to recognize many symptoms of TBI and assign them a prognostic value. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is probably as old as human beings. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the first treatise describing the treatment of patients with TBI and allows insights into the medical examination and treatment of head-injured patients in ancient Egypt. METHOD: Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles in the treatment of TBI in ancient Egypt were analyzed. RESULTS: Methodically, cases and the presentation of each case are neatly classified within the papyrus. The papyrus contains the first description of the brain, pulsations, contusions as the result of TBI, the dura, and cerebrospinal fluid, revealing a more or less sophisticated knowledge of cerebral anatomy. Furthermore, ancient physicians examined wounds, fractures, signs of basal skull fractures, and associated neurological or infectious symptoms, and classified the injury pattern according to their prognosis. Therapeutic options at this time seemed to have been limited. CONCLUSIONS: The Edwin Smith Papyrus reveals astonishing observation skill when considering the methods and limits of ancient times. These physicians were able to recognize many symptoms of TBI and assign them a prognostic value. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Authors: Caitlin M Cusack; George Hripcsak; Meryl Bloomrosen; S Trent Rosenbloom; Charlotte A Weaver; Adam Wright; David K Vawdrey; Jim Walker; Lena Mamykina Journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc Date: 2012-09-08 Impact factor: 4.497
Authors: Salma E El-Habashy; Alaa M Nazief; Chris E Adkins; Ming Ming Wen; Amal H El-Kamel; Ahmed M Hamdan; Amira S Hanafy; Tori O Terrell; Afroz S Mohammad; Paul R Lockman; Mohamed Ismail Nounou Journal: Pharm Pat Anal Date: 2014-05
Authors: R Yagi; S Kawabata; N Ikeda; N Nonoguchi; M Furuse; Y Katayama; Y Kajimoto; T Kuroiwa Journal: World J Surg Oncol Date: 2017-09-29 Impact factor: 2.754
Authors: Luiz Severo Bem Junior; Nilson Batista Lemos; Luís Felipe Gonçalves de Lima; Artêmio José Araruna Dias; Otávio da Cunha Ferreira Neto; Carlos Cezar Sousa de Lira; Andrey Maia Silva Diniz; Nicollas Nunes Rabelo; Luciana Karla Viana Barroso; Marcelo Moraes Valença; Hildo Rocha Cirne de Azevedo Filho Journal: Surg Neurol Int Date: 2021-06-28