The influence of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols from different marine macrophytes on immunogenicity and conformation of protein antigen of tubular immunostimulating complex.

The tubular immunostimulating complex (TI-complex) is a novel nanoparticulate antigen delivery system consisting of cholesterol, triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A(2)-2, and glycolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) isolated from marine macrophytes. MGDG is crucial for the formation of a lipid matrix for the protein antigen incorporated in TI-complexes. Fatty acid composition and the physical state of this glycolipid depend on the taxonomic position of marine macrophytes. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the capacity of MGDGs, isolated from five species of marine macrophytes, to influence conformation and to enhance immunogenicity of porin from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YOmpF) as a model antigen of subunit vaccine based on TI-complexes. The trimeric porin was chosen for these experiments, because it was approximately two times more immunogenic than monomeric porin incorporated in TI-complexes. Immunization of mice with YOmpF within TI-complexes, comprised of different MGDGs, revealed a dependence of the immunostimulating effect of TI-complexes on the microvicosity of this glycolipid. TI-complexes comprising MGDGs from Sargassum pallidum and Ulva fenestrata with medium microviscosity induced maximal levels of anti-porin antibodies (four times higher when compared with those induced by pure porin). The adjuvant effect of TI-complexes based on other MGDGs varied by 2.8, 2.3 and 1.3 times for TI-complexes comprised of MGDGs from Zostera marina, Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis, and Laminaria japonica, respectively. MGDGs are also able to influence cytokine mechanisms of immunological regulation. DSC and spectroscopic studies showed that maximal immunostimulating effect of TI-complexes correlated with a moderate stabilizing influence of MGDGs from S. pallidum and U. fenestrata on the conformation of porin. The results obtained suggest lipid "nanofluidics" as a novel strategy for optimizing the immune response to protein antigens within lipid particulate systems.