Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug screening.

The attrition rates of drugs in development, many of which attributed to unforeseen cardiotoxic side effects of the drugs being tested in humans that were not realized in preclinical animal models, are a significant problem facing the pharmaceutical industry. Recent advances in human stem cell biology have paved the way for incorporating human cell models into the two key aspects of developing new drugs: discovering new effective entities and screening for their safety. Functional cardiomyocytes can now be derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent (hiPSCs) stem cells. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate the ability of cardiomyocytes derived from patients' iPSCs to recapitulate the phenotype of several known cardiac diseases. In the present review we describe the knowledge recently gained on this promising human cell source in order to fulfill its potential as a useful tool for drug screening.