The use of high-throughput technologies to investigate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

The greatest challenge of scientific research is to understand the causes and consequences of disease. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to unraveling the basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis (the underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease), which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because of the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, different research techniques have increasingly been combined to unravel genetic aspects, molecular pathways, and cellular functions involved in atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and dyslipidemia to gain a multifaceted picture addressing this complexity. Thanks to the rapid evolution of high-throughput technologies, we are now able to generate large-scale data on the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. With the help of sophisticated computational tools, these data sets are integrated to enhance information extraction and are being increasingly used in a systems biology approach to model biological processes as interconnected and regulated networks. This review exemplifies the use of high-throughput technologies-such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics-and systems biology to explore pathomechanisms of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.