BACKGROUND: It is commonly assumed that there are clear lines of demarcation between anxiety and depressive disorders on the one hand and psychosis on the other. Recent evidence, however, suggests that this principle may be in need of updating. METHODS: Depressive and/or anxiety disorders, with no previous history of psychotic disorder, were examined for the presence of psychotic symptoms in a representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study; n = 3021). Associations and consequences of psychotic symptomatology in the course of these disorders were examined in terms of demographic distribution, illness severity, onset of service use, and risk factors. RESULTS: Around 27% of those with disorders of anxiety and depression displayed one or more psychotic symptoms, vs 14% in those without these disorders (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.89-2.66, P < .001). Presence as compared with nonpresence of psychotic symptomatology was associated with younger age (P < .0001), male sex (P < .0058), and poorer illness course (P < .0002). In addition, there was greater persistence of schizotypal (P < .0001) and negative symptoms (P < .0170), more observable illness behavior (P < .0001), greater likelihood of service use (P < .0069), as well as more evidence of familial liability for mental illness (P < .0100), exposure to trauma (P < .0150), recent and more distant life events (P < .0006-.0244), cannabis use (P < .0009), and any drug use (P < .0008). CONCLUSION: Copresence of psychotic symptomatology in disorders of anxiety and depression is common and a functionally and etiologically highly relevant feature, reinforcing the view that psychopathology is represented by a network or overlapping and reciprocally impacting dimensional liabilities.
BACKGROUND: It is commonly assumed that there are clear lines of demarcation between anxiety and depressive disorders on the one hand and psychosis on the other. Recent evidence, however, suggests that this principle may be in need of updating. METHODS: Depressive and/or anxiety disorders, with no previous history of psychotic disorder, were examined for the presence of psychotic symptoms in a representative community sample of adolescents and young adults (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study; n = 3021). Associations and consequences of psychotic symptomatology in the course of these disorders were examined in terms of demographic distribution, illness severity, onset of service use, and risk factors. RESULTS: Around 27% of those with disorders of anxiety and depression displayed one or more psychotic symptoms, vs 14% in those without these disorders (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.89-2.66, P < .001). Presence as compared with nonpresence of psychotic symptomatology was associated with younger age (P < .0001), male sex (P < .0058), and poorer illness course (P < .0002). In addition, there was greater persistence of schizotypal (P < .0001) and negative symptoms (P < .0170), more observable illness behavior (P < .0001), greater likelihood of service use (P < .0069), as well as more evidence of familial liability for mental illness (P < .0100), exposure to trauma (P < .0150), recent and more distant life events (P < .0006-.0244), cannabis use (P < .0009), and any drug use (P < .0008). CONCLUSION: Copresence of psychotic symptomatology in disorders of anxiety and depression is common and a functionally and etiologically highly relevant feature, reinforcing the view that psychopathology is represented by a network or overlapping and reciprocally impacting dimensional liabilities.
Authors: M Hanssen; F Peeters; L Krabbendam; S Radstake; H Verdoux; J van Os Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Lotta-Katrin Pries; Sinan Guloksuz; Margreet Ten Have; Ron de Graaf; Saskia van Dorsselaer; Nicole Gunther; Christian Rauschenberg; Ulrich Reininghaus; Rajiv Radhakrishnan; Maarten Bak; Bart P F Rutten; Jim van Os Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2018-06-06 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Y van der Steen; I Myin-Germeys; M van Nierop; M Ten Have; R de Graaf; S van Dorsselaer; J van Os; R van Winkel Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2018-04-16 Impact factor: 6.892
Authors: Martine van Nierop; Tineke Lataster; Feikje Smeets; Nicole Gunther; Catherine van Zelst; Ron de Graaf; Margreet ten Have; Saskia van Dorsselaer; Maarten Bak; Inez Myin-Germeys; Wolfgang Viechtbauer; Jim van Os; Ruud van Winkel Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Frank Iorfino; Elizabeth M Scott; Joanne S Carpenter; Shane P Cross; Daniel F Hermens; Madhura Killedar; Alissa Nichles; Natalia Zmicerevska; Django White; Adam J Guastella; Jan Scott; Patrick D McGorry; Ian B Hickie Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2019-11-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Alison R Yung; Scott W Woods; Stephan Ruhrmann; Jean Addington; Frauke Schultze-Lutter; Barbara A Cornblatt; G Paul Amminger; Andreas Bechdolf; Max Birchwood; Stefan Borgwardt; Tyrone D Cannon; Lieuwe de Haan; Paul French; Paolo Fusar-Poli; Matcheri Keshavan; Joachim Klosterkötter; Jun Soo Kwon; Patrick D McGorry; Philip McGuire; Masafumi Mizuno; Anthony P Morrison; Anita Riecher-Rössler; Raimo K R Salokangas; Larry J Seidman; Michio Suzuki; Lucia Valmaggia; Mark van der Gaag; Stephen J Wood; Thomas H McGlashan Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2012-11 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: W Rössler; V Ajdacic-Gross; H Haker; S Rodgers; M Müller; M P Hengartner Journal: Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Date: 2013-11-26 Impact factor: 6.892