Parents' experiences supporting self-management of middle adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this article is to describe the experiences of parents regarding the fostering of self-management of diabetes mellitus with their middle adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A purposive sample of parents of 16- to 18-year-old adolescents with T1DM from 23 families who attended the endocrinology clinic of a children's hospital were interviewed about their experience with their adolescent's diabetes management and how they supported or inhibited their adolescent's diabetes self-management. Qualitative description was used to analyze the transcripts of audio-recorded interviews. Parents often described having negative experiences involving struggle, frustration, and worry about adolescent self-management. Parents supported their adolescent's self-management primarily by reminding, recognizing positive aspects of the adolescent's diabetes management, and granting more freedom. Conversely, parents inhibited their adolescents' diabetes management by scolding and judging, checking and nagging, and becoming emotional. Clinicians can help parents share their experiences, cope with their emotions, and practice effective strategies to motivate adolescent diabetes self-management in the transition to later adolescence.