Refinement and evaluation of a hydraulic bed sensor.

Research indicates that long-term monitoring of vital signs and activity in elderly adults may provide opportunities for maintaining quality-of-life and extending independence into later years. Such a strategy requires development of a system to collect this data while imposing minimal intrusion into the lives of those being monitored. To further this goal, we have developed a hydraulic bed sensor to non-invasively monitor heartbeat and respiration during sleep. This paper describes the refinement of our developed prototype and signal processing methods, along with an evaluation of the robustness of our algorithms and results from testing. An evaluation of our sensor on a group of five diverse subjects (ranging in age from 24 to 67, two with cardiac history), in three different positions, demonstrates accuracy within 8 beats per minute up to 97.5% of the time.