BACKGROUND: Gastric electric stimulation (GES) at a high-frequency, low-energy setting is an option for treating refractory gastroparesis. The currently available commercial stimulator, the Enterra neurostimulator (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN), however, requires surgical implantation and is powered by a nonrechargeable battery. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a miniature wireless GES device for endoscopic implantation in an experimental model. DESIGN: In-vivo gastric signals were recorded and measured in a nonsurvival swine model (n = 2; 110-lb animals). INTERVENTION: An endoscopically placed, wireless GES device was inserted into the stomach through an overtube; the two GES electrodes were endoscopically attached to the gastric mucosa and secured with endoclips to permit stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Stable electrogastrogram measures were observed during GES stimulation. RESULTS: Electrogastrogram recordings demonstrated that gastric slow waves became more regular and of constant amplitudes when stomach tissues were stimulated, in comparison with no stimulation. The frequency-to-amplitude ratio also changed significantly with stimulation. LIMITATION: Nonsurvival pig studies. CONCLUSION: Gastric electric stimulation is feasible by our endoscopically implanted, wireless GES device.
BACKGROUND: Gastric electric stimulation (GES) at a high-frequency, low-energy setting is an option for treating refractory gastroparesis. The currently available commercial stimulator, the Enterra neurostimulator (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN), however, requires surgical implantation and is powered by a nonrechargeable battery. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a miniature wireless GES device for endoscopic implantation in an experimental model. DESIGN: In-vivo gastric signals were recorded and measured in a nonsurvival swine model (n = 2; 110-lb animals). INTERVENTION: An endoscopically placed, wireless GES device was inserted into the stomach through an overtube; the two GES electrodes were endoscopically attached to the gastric mucosa and secured with endoclips to permit stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Stable electrogastrogram measures were observed during GES stimulation. RESULTS: Electrogastrogram recordings demonstrated that gastric slow waves became more regular and of constant amplitudes when stomach tissues were stimulated, in comparison with no stimulation. The frequency-to-amplitude ratio also changed significantly with stimulation. LIMITATION: Nonsurvival pig studies. CONCLUSION: Gastric electric stimulation is feasible by our endoscopically implanted, wireless GES device.
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