OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mortality profile related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: For the 1985-2007 period, we analyzed all death certificates (n = 4815) on which SLE was listed as an underlying (n = 3133) or non-underlying (n = 1682) cause of death. We evaluated sex, age, and the causes of death, comparing the first and last 5 years of the period, as well as determining the observed/expected death ratio (O/E ratio). RESULTS: For SLE as an underlying cause, the mean age at death was 35.77 years (SD 15.12) and the main non-underlying causes of death were renal failure, circulatory system diseases, pneumonia, and septicemia. Over the period, the proportional mention of infectious causes and circulatory system diseases increased, whereas renal diseases decreased. For SLE as a non-underlying cause of death, the most common underlying causes of death were circulatory, respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive system diseases, and certain infections. The overall death O/E ratio was > 1 for renal failure, tuberculosis, septicemia, pneumonia, and digestive system diseases, as well as for circulatory system diseases at < 50 years of age, particularly acute myocardial infarct. CONCLUSION: Unlike in developed countries, renal failure and infectious diseases are still the most frequent causes of death. The increase in SLE deaths associated with infection, especially pneumonia and septicemia, is worrisome. The judicious use of immunosuppressive therapy together with vigorous treatment of cardiovascular comorbidities is crucial to the successful management of SLE and to improving survival of patients with SLE.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mortality profile related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: For the 1985-2007 period, we analyzed all death certificates (n = 4815) on which SLE was listed as an underlying (n = 3133) or non-underlying (n = 1682) cause of death. We evaluated sex, age, and the causes of death, comparing the first and last 5 years of the period, as well as determining the observed/expected death ratio (O/E ratio). RESULTS: For SLE as an underlying cause, the mean age at death was 35.77 years (SD 15.12) and the main non-underlying causes of death were renal failure, circulatory system diseases, pneumonia, and septicemia. Over the period, the proportional mention of infectious causes and circulatory system diseases increased, whereas renal diseases decreased. For SLE as a non-underlying cause of death, the most common underlying causes of death were circulatory, respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive system diseases, and certain infections. The overall death O/E ratio was > 1 for renal failure, tuberculosis, septicemia, pneumonia, and digestive system diseases, as well as for circulatory system diseases at < 50 years of age, particularly acute myocardial infarct. CONCLUSION: Unlike in developed countries, renal failure and infectious diseases are still the most frequent causes of death. The increase in SLE deaths associated with infection, especially pneumonia and septicemia, is worrisome. The judicious use of immunosuppressive therapy together with vigorous treatment of cardiovascular comorbidities is crucial to the successful management of SLE and to improving survival of patients with SLE.
Authors: May Y Choi; Kelsey Flood; Sasha Bernatsky; Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman; Ann E Clarke Journal: Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol Date: 2017-11-10 Impact factor: 4.098
Authors: Xana Kim-Howard; Celi Sun; Julio E Molineros; Amit K Maiti; Hema Chandru; Adam Adler; Graham B Wiley; Kenneth M Kaufman; Leah Kottyan; Joel M Guthridge; Astrid Rasmussen; Jennifer Kelly; Elena Sánchez; Prithvi Raj; Quan-Zhen Li; So-Young Bang; Hye-Soon Lee; Tae-Hwan Kim; Young Mo Kang; Chang-Hee Suh; Won Tae Chung; Yong-Beom Park; Jung-Yoon Choe; Seung Cheol Shim; Shin-Seok Lee; Bok-Ghee Han; Nancy J Olsen; David R Karp; Kathy Moser; Bernardo A Pons-Estel; Edward K Wakeland; Judith A James; John B Harley; Sang-Cheol Bae; Patrick M Gaffney; Marta Alarcón-Riquelme; Loren L Looger; Swapan K Nath Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2013-10-26 Impact factor: 6.150