Epidemiology of dengue infections in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Eighty-one (71.7%) out of 113 patients had confirmed dengue infection (using ELISA IgM serology) at Kassala, Eastern Sudan during the period of August through November 2010. According to the WHO criteria, dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were observed in 30.9, 58, and 11.1% of these patients, respectively. The mean age of these 81 patients was 25.5 years. Male:female ratio was 1.8:1. Various symptoms including fever (100%), headache (75.3%), vomiting (55.6%), nausea (53.1%), and backache (30.9%) were observed among these patients. Thrombocytopenia (<100/10(9) platelets/L), and leucopenia (WBC count <4,000 × 10(9) cells/L) and hemoconcentration (hematocrit >45) were reported in 86.4, 69.1, and 67.9% of the patients, respectively. High alanine aminotransferase (ALT, >65 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST >37 U/L) were seen in 9.9 and 14.8% of the patients, respectively. There were five (6.1%) deaths, three of them had DHF and the other two patients had DSS.