Local anisotropy in globally isotropic granular packings.

We report on two-dimensional computer simulations of frictionless granular packings at various area fractions φ above the jamming point φ(c). We measure the anisotropy in coarse-grained stress ε(s) and shear modulus ε(m) as functions of coarse-graining scale, R. ε(s) can be collapsed onto a master curve after rescaling R by a characteristic length scale ξ and ε(s) by an anisotropy magnitude A. Both A and ξ accelerate as φ→φ(c) from above, consistent with a divergence at φ(c). ε(m) shows no characteristic length scale and has a nontrivial power-law form, ε(m)~R(-0.62), over almost the entire range of R at all φ. These results suggest that the force chains present in the spatial structure of the quenched stress may be governed by different physics than the anomalous elastic response near jamming.