Development of a therapist adherence/competence rating scale for supportive-expressive dynamic psychotherapy: a preliminary report.

This paper reports on the development of the Penn Adherence/Competence Scale for Supportive-Expressive (SE) Dynamic Psychotherapy. The rating scale includes 45 items which are rated separately for both frequency (adherence) and quality (competence) of therapists' application. Audiotaped from four SE therapists who saw a total of 33 depressed patients were rated by two independent judges. The same judges also rated four cognitive (CT) therapists who saw a total of seven patients. Interjudge reliability for the six subscales and the two total scale scores ranged from .35 to .79, and internal consistency coefficients ranged from .62 to .95. While SE therapists used more expressive and interpretative techniques than did CT therapists, the two groups did not differ in their use of supportive and general techniques. In addition, SE therapists were judged to be more competent in their use of SE specific techniques than were CT therapists. SE therapists' adherence and competence were not associated with patients' level of psychiatric severity as indicated by pretreatment and concurrent levels of depression, comorbid personality disorder, or level of psychological health. Therapists' adherence and competence were unrelated to a concurrent measure of the therapeutic alliance.