CONTEXT: Gender assignment followed by surgery and hormonal therapy is a difficult decision in the management of 45,X/46,XY patients with abnormal external genitalia at birth considering the paucity of studies evaluating pubertal development and fertility outcome, most notably for patients raised as boys. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the pubertal course of 20 45,X/46,XY patients born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys. METHODS: This is a multicenter retrospective study. RESULTS: Mean age at study was 25.6±2.4 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients presented a 'classical' mixed gonadal dysgenetic phenotype at birth. Puberty was initially spontaneous in all but three boys, although in six other patients, testosterone therapy was subsequently necessary for completion of puberty. Sixty-seven percent of the remaining patients presented signs of declined testicular function at the end of puberty (increased levels of FSH and low levels of testosterone and/or inhibin B). Moreover, an abnormal structure of the Y chromosome, known to alter fertility, was found in 10 out of 16 (63%) patients. Two patients developed testicular cancer. Half of the patients have adult penile length of <80 mm. Mean adult height is 156.9±2 cm, regardless of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 45,X/46,XY children born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys have an altered pubertal course and impaired fertility associated with adult short stature, which should, therefore, be taken into consideration for the management of these patients.
CONTEXT: Gender assignment followed by surgery and hormonal therapy is a difficult decision in the management of 45,X/46,XY patients with abnormal external genitalia at birth considering the paucity of studies evaluating pubertal development and fertility outcome, most notably for patients raised as boys. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the pubertal course of 20 45,X/46,XY patients born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys. METHODS: This is a multicenter retrospective study. RESULTS: Mean age at study was 25.6±2.4 years. Eighty-five percent of the patients presented a 'classical' mixed gonadal dysgenetic phenotype at birth. Puberty was initially spontaneous in all but three boys, although in six other patients, testosterone therapy was subsequently necessary for completion of puberty. Sixty-seven percent of the remaining patients presented signs of declined testicular function at the end of puberty (increased levels of FSH and low levels of testosterone and/or inhibin B). Moreover, an abnormal structure of the Y chromosome, known to alter fertility, was found in 10 out of 16 (63%) patients. Two patients developed testicular cancer. Half of the patients have adult penile length of <80 mm. Mean adult height is 156.9±2 cm, regardless of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 45,X/46,XY children born with ambiguous genitalia and raised as boys have an altered pubertal course and impaired fertility associated with adult short stature, which should, therefore, be taken into consideration for the management of these patients.
Authors: J Curtis Nickel; Michael A Gorin; Partin Alan W; Stacy Loeb; Shapiro Ellen; Michael B Chancellor; Dean G Assimos; Michael K Brawer; Benjamin M Brucker Journal: Rev Urol Date: 2016
Authors: Lindsey Guzewicz; Susan Howell; Canice E Crerand; Hailey Umbaugh; Natalie J Nokoff; Jennifer Barker; Shanlee M Davis Journal: Am J Med Genet A Date: 2021-02-22 Impact factor: 2.802
Authors: Bonnie McCann-Crosby; Roshanak Mansouri; Jennifer E Dietrich; Laurence B McCullough; V Reid Sutton; Elise G Austin; Bruce Schlomer; David R Roth; Lefkothea Karaviti; Sheila Gunn; M John Hicks; Charles G Macias Journal: Int J Pediatr Endocrinol Date: 2014-04-14