Emerging therapies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Despite improvements to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation over the past several decades, further advances are necessary to achieve: improved control of toxicities like graft-versus-host disease; enhanced immunologic reconstitution posttransplantation; and reduction in relapse risk via enhancement of graft-versus-tumor responses. Achieving these disparate hematopoietic stem cell transplantation goals will likely require the introduction of novel therapeutic agents to the current armamentarium. In this article, we outline preclinical and early-phase clinical data indicating the potential of proteasome-inhibitor therapy (bortezomib), hypomethylating agent therapy (azacytidine), and histone deacetylase-inhibitor therapy (vorinostat) to help improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes.