OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in competitive cross-country skiers with disabilities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparisons using a select group of Canadian athletes training for the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. SETTING: Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park, Canmore, Alberta. PARTICIPANTS: Nine competitive cross-country skiers (4 with visual impairment, 1 with traumatic brain injury, 3 with spinal cord injury, and 1 with cerebral palsy). INTERVENTIONS: Three-minute and 12-minute exercise tests in the standing or sitting skiing position to voluntary fatigue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiorespiratory responses using a telemetric system to compare the physiologic responses among the athletes with different disabilities. Heart rate (HR) and capillary lactate were measured at 2, 5, and 10 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: The t test results indicated that the peak values of the absolute and relative oxygen uptake (VO2peak), HR, and ventilation rate were significantly higher during the 12-minute compared with the 3-minute protocol during standing skiing. However, the oxygen pulse and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen ratio were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the 2 protocols. Analysis of variance revealed no significant (P > 0.05) differences among the 3 trials for these peak physiologic responses during sitting skiing. Cross-sectional comparisons of the peak physiologic responses between the standing and sitting skiers indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher values in the standing compared with the sitting position. Cardiorespiratory respiratory efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the sitting compared with the standing position. HR during 10 minutes of recovery was significantly correlated with VO2peak. Pearson correlations were not significant between VO2peak and lactate removal during recovery. CONCLUSION: These descriptive findings during the standing and sitting skiing protocols provide preliminary data that would be useful in testing, training, and classification of competitive skiers with disabilities.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in competitive cross-country skiers with disabilities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparisons using a select group of Canadian athletes training for the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. SETTING: Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park, Canmore, Alberta. PARTICIPANTS: Nine competitive cross-country skiers (4 with visual impairment, 1 with traumatic brain injury, 3 with spinal cord injury, and 1 with cerebral palsy). INTERVENTIONS: Three-minute and 12-minute exercise tests in the standing or sitting skiing position to voluntary fatigue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiorespiratory responses using a telemetric system to compare the physiologic responses among the athletes with different disabilities. Heart rate (HR) and capillary lactate were measured at 2, 5, and 10 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: The t test results indicated that the peak values of the absolute and relative oxygen uptake (VO2peak), HR, and ventilation rate were significantly higher during the 12-minute compared with the 3-minute protocol during standing skiing. However, the oxygen pulse and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen ratio were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the 2 protocols. Analysis of variance revealed no significant (P > 0.05) differences among the 3 trials for these peak physiologic responses during sitting skiing. Cross-sectional comparisons of the peak physiologic responses between the standing and sitting skiers indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher values in the standing compared with the sitting position. Cardiorespiratory respiratory efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the sitting compared with the standing position. HR during 10 minutes of recovery was significantly correlated with VO2peak. Pearson correlations were not significant between VO2peak and lactate removal during recovery. CONCLUSION: These descriptive findings during the standing and sitting skiing protocols provide preliminary data that would be useful in testing, training, and classification of competitive skiers with disabilities.