OBJECTIVES: The influence of dentin adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, XP Bond, Xeno V, Clearfil Protect Bond, AdheSE) on cell survival, viability and proliferation was characterized after direct and indirect exposure using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primers and cured bonding parts were directly exposed to cells using cell culture inserts, and complete materials were analyzed in a dentin barrier test. Cell responses were examined in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts after 24- and 72-h exposure periods by the estimation of total cell numbers (survival), apoptosis (viability) and cell proliferation. RESULTS: Cell numbers were effectively reduced by the primers of AdheSE, Protect Bond, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose as well as XP bond after direct exposure in a cell culture insert test device. Likewise, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer induced a rate of apoptosis (93.9%) even higher than detected with Protect Bond primer (91.6%). Cell proliferation was entirely inhibited by primers and by Xp Bond as well. The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was most cytotoxic in a dentin barrier test device after a 24-h indirect exposure. It also increased the percentage of cells in apoptosis to 15.4% compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSION: Unpolymerized primers of dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than polymerized bonding counterparts. Moreover, total etch dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than self-etch adhesives. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When dentin adhesives are used in deep cavities without a protective dentin barrier the leachable hydrophobic and hydrophilic component of dentin adhesive systems can penetrate to the pulp and may induce cytotoxic responses in pulp tissues.
OBJECTIVES: The influence of dentin adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, XP Bond, Xeno V, Clearfil Protect Bond, AdheSE) on cell survival, viability and proliferation was characterized after direct and indirect exposure using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primers and cured bonding parts were directly exposed to cells using cell culture inserts, and complete materials were analyzed in a dentin barrier test. Cell responses were examined in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts after 24- and 72-h exposure periods by the estimation of total cell numbers (survival), apoptosis (viability) and cell proliferation. RESULTS: Cell numbers were effectively reduced by the primers of AdheSE, Protect Bond, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose as well as XP bond after direct exposure in a cell culture insert test device. Likewise, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose primer induced a rate of apoptosis (93.9%) even higher than detected with Protect Bond primer (91.6%). Cell proliferation was entirely inhibited by primers and by Xp Bond as well. The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was most cytotoxic in a dentin barrier test device after a 24-h indirect exposure. It also increased the percentage of cells in apoptosis to 15.4% compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSION: Unpolymerized primers of dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than polymerized bonding counterparts. Moreover, total etch dentin adhesives were more cytotoxic than self-etch adhesives. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When dentin adhesives are used in deep cavities without a protective dentin barrier the leachable hydrophobic and hydrophilic component of dentin adhesive systems can penetrate to the pulp and may induce cytotoxic responses in pulp tissues.
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