Long-term follow-up and management guidelines in pediatric patients after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Over the past 50 years there has been considerable progress and success in the field of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in children. In addition there has been significant improvement in transplant outcomes for both malignant and nonmalignant indications. These improved outcomes have resulted in many long-term survivors who are experiencing substantial long-term morbidities. There are limited data examining the long-term complications of transplant on the various organs. This issue is complicated by the fact that children receive their transplant at different stages of their growth and development (ie, infant, toddler, child, adolescent, and young adult). Each of these developmental stages has different sensitivities to treatment and can result in different sets of complications. We summarize the long-term side effects of allogeneic HSCT in children.