BACKGROUND: Melanoma cells express the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), indicating that malignant melanoma represents a promising target for treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) or its analogs. We previously showed that some melanoma cell lines are resistant to the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-sensitivity can, at least in part, be restored by co-treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Trichostatin A (TSA) or with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTI), 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). This study aimed at gaining further insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the epigenetic modulation of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-sensitivity in melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of VDR mRNA, protein and two candidates of VDR microRNAs (miR-125b, miR-27b) were compared in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive (MeWo, SK-Mel28) and -resistant (SK-Mel5, IGR) melanoma cell lines and in normal human melanocytes (NHM) using real time PCR and western blot analysis. Additionally, the effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), epigenetic modulating drugs (TSA, 5-Aza) and miR-125b antisense on the expression of VDR messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein, miR-125b and miR-27b was investigated. RESULTS: Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and/or epigenetic drugs (5-Aza, TSA) modulated the VDR mRNA expression in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive and - resistant melanoma cell lines and in the NHM. Treatment with 5-Aza, but not with TSA, reduced the expression of miR-125b in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive and -resistant melanoma cell lines and in the NHM. Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and/or epigenetic drugs (5-Aza, TSA) reduced the miR-27b expression in three out of four melanoma cell lines. Moreover, no difference was observed in VDR protein expression in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive as compared to the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-resistant melanoma cell lines. Transfection with miR-125b antisense did not affect the VDR mRNA/protein expression in the IGR cells. CONCLUSION: Responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) corresponds to the expression level of VDR mRNA which in turn might be regulated by VDR microRNAs or epigenetic modulating drugs.
BACKGROUND:Melanoma cells express the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), indicating that malignant melanoma represents a promising target for treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) or its analogs. We previously showed that some melanoma cell lines are resistant to the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-sensitivity can, at least in part, be restored by co-treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Trichostatin A (TSA) or with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTI), 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). This study aimed at gaining further insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the epigenetic modulation of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-sensitivity in melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of VDR mRNA, protein and two candidates of VDR microRNAs (miR-125b, miR-27b) were compared in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive (MeWo, SK-Mel28) and -resistant (SK-Mel5, IGR) melanoma cell lines and in normal human melanocytes (NHM) using real time PCR and western blot analysis. Additionally, the effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), epigenetic modulating drugs (TSA, 5-Aza) and miR-125b antisense on the expression of VDR messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein, miR-125b and miR-27b was investigated. RESULTS: Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and/or epigenetic drugs (5-Aza, TSA) modulated the VDR mRNA expression in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive and - resistant melanoma cell lines and in the NHM. Treatment with 5-Aza, but not with TSA, reduced the expression of miR-125b in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive and -resistant melanoma cell lines and in the NHM. Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and/or epigenetic drugs (5-Aza, TSA) reduced the miR-27b expression in three out of four melanoma cell lines. Moreover, no difference was observed in VDR protein expression in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-responsive as compared to the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-resistant melanoma cell lines. Transfection with miR-125b antisense did not affect the VDR mRNA/protein expression in the IGR cells. CONCLUSION: Responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) corresponds to the expression level of VDR mRNA which in turn might be regulated by VDR microRNAs or epigenetic modulating drugs.
Authors: Theodore A Craig; Yuji Zhang; Andrew T Magis; Cory C Funk; Nathan D Price; Stephen C Ekker; Rajiv Kumar Journal: Zebrafish Date: 2014-03-20 Impact factor: 1.985
Authors: Andrzej T Slominski; Michal A Zmijewski; Igor Semak; Blazej Zbytek; Alexander Pisarchik; Wei Li; Jordan Zjawiony; Robert C Tuckey Journal: Anticancer Agents Med Chem Date: 2014-01 Impact factor: 2.505