Epidural opioids in obstetrics--a review.

Epidural opioids have been used in obstetrics since 1980. Various opioids are reviewed in relation to their pharmacology, their efficacy in labour, during caesarean section and for postoperative analgesia, their side-effects and safety. In this patient population it appears safe to administer epidural opioids on the general ward provided that strict monitoring standards are maintained. Practical considerations of nursing management are discussed.