Fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle phospholipid is altered in mdx mice and is predictive of disease markers.

The mdx mouse is a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The fatty acid (FA) composition in dystrophic muscle could potentially impact the disease severity. We tested FA profiles in skeletal muscle phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride in mdx and control (con) mice to assess associations with disease state as well as correlations with grip strength (which is lower in mdx) and serum creatine kinase (CK, which is elevated in mdx). Compared with con, mdx PL contained less docosahexaenoic acid (P < .001) and more linoleic acid (P = .001). Docosahexaenoic acid contents did not correlate with strength or serum CK. Linoleic acid content in PL was positively correlated with CK in mdx (P < .05) but not con. α-Linolenic acid content in PL was positively correlated with strength in mdx (P < .05) but not con. The FA profile in triglyceride showed less difference between groups and far less predictive ability for disease markers. We conclude that profiling the FA composition of tissue lipids (particularly PL) can be a useful strategy for generating novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in muscle diseases and likely other pathological conditions as well. Specifically, the present results have indicated potential benefits of raising content of particular n-3 FAs (especially α-linolenic acid) and reducing content of particular n-6 FAs (linoleic acid) in PL of dystrophic muscle.