OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility and cost of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) screening in infertile males. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Canadian tertiary-level male infertility clinic and university-affiliated laboratories. PATIENT(S): 5,588 male infertility patients. INTERVENTION(S): CT and NG testing on 8,972 urine and semen samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence of CT and NG infection in infertile males versus general male population in Canada over 8 years (2003-2010) and the reagent cost to detect one case of CT or NG. RESULT(S): In infertile males, the prevalence rate for CT and NG was 0.304% and 0.0537%, which was statistically significantly lower (3.4- and 8.1-fold lower, respectively) than the age-adjusted general population prevalence. With the reagents costing $86.20 per patient tested, the reagent cost alone to diagnose one case of CT or NG was $38,669. CONCLUSION(S): The prevalence of CT and NG in this study are among the lowest reported in the male infertility literature. These findings question the utility of CT/NG screening in this low-risk population and emphasize that decisions about the utility of screening must be based on the prevalence rates of the disease in the studied population.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility and cost of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) screening in infertile males. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Canadian tertiary-level male infertility clinic and university-affiliated laboratories. PATIENT(S): 5,588 male infertility patients. INTERVENTION(S): CT and NG testing on 8,972 urine and semen samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence of CT and NGinfection in infertile males versus general male population in Canada over 8 years (2003-2010) and the reagent cost to detect one case of CT or NG. RESULT(S): In infertile males, the prevalence rate for CT and NG was 0.304% and 0.0537%, which was statistically significantly lower (3.4- and 8.1-fold lower, respectively) than the age-adjusted general population prevalence. With the reagents costing $86.20 per patient tested, the reagent cost alone to diagnose one case of CT or NG was $38,669. CONCLUSION(S): The prevalence of CT and NG in this study are among the lowest reported in the male infertility literature. These findings question the utility of CT/NG screening in this low-risk population and emphasize that decisions about the utility of screening must be based on the prevalence rates of the disease in the studied population.