Management of chronic allograft nephropathy.

Chronic renal allograft disease remains a leading cause of graft loss. Immunologic and non-immunologic risk factors are related to its development and may be present before or develop after transplantation. Histological evaluation of renal tissue has an important role in the management, especially for the evaluation of immune activity against the graft and toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. Management of this condition is generally restricted to changes in the immunosuppressive regimen and the overall control of conditions related to the progression of chronic kidney disease.