Whole-cell biochips for online water monitoring.

Chip-integrated luminescent recombinant reporter bacteria were combined with fluidics and light detection systems to form a real-time water biomonitor. The biomonitor was exposed to a continuous water flow for up to ten days, in the course of which it was challenged with spikes of both model toxic compounds and toxic environmental samples. All simulated contamination events were reported within 0.5-2.5 h. Furthermore, the response pattern of the reporter bacteria was indicative of the nature of the contaminating chemicals. Efforts were aimed at improving signal quality and at the development of an alarm management software. Following further research, a device of the proposed design could be implemented in monitoring networks as an early warning system against water pollution by toxic chemicals.