Emerging applications of nanomedicine in dermatology.

BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology is a new branch of engineering consisting of the usage of nanoscale particles (100 nm and smaller). Nanomedicine is the application of nanoscale technologies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in medicine. Nanodermatology, nanotechnology applied to dermatology, represents one of the most advanced field for which an increasing interest, both economic and scientific, is rising. The skin is the first point of contact for a whole host of nanomaterials, ranging from topical preparations, articles of clothing and household products, to sporting goods and industrial manufactured goods. Applications of nanomedicine in dermatology include new direction in medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Gold nanoparticle, quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles are used in non-invasive nanoimaging of high-resolution dermoscopy, microscopy, nanopunch, and spectroscopy, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Nanotherapeutics has been considered in immunotherapy, genetherapy, and drug therapy. In drug therapy, because of size reduction or encapsulation of drug particles, the therapeutic potential of water insoluble and unstable drugs improve, and also facilitate the delivery of small molecules across blood, skin, nails, and pilosebaceous unit. AIMS: To review therapeutic applications and benefits of nanomedicine in esthetic dermatology, treatment of malignancies, and inflammatory skin diseases.