Survival and allograft rejection rates after combined heart and kidney transplantation in comparison with heart transplantation alone.

BACKGROUND: The role of solid multiorgan transplantation remains to be determined. We compared our experience with combined heart-kidney transplantation (HKT) and heart transplant alone (HT), and assessed patient survival rates and freedom from allograft rejection in these two patient groups.
METHODS: We reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing HKT (n=30) or HT (n=440) between June 1992 and March 2009. Baseline patient characteristics, perioperative factors, incidence of rejection, and survival were examined.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups for age, gender, etiology of heart disease, functional class, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic diameter, cardiac output, or transplant waitlist status. Patients with HKT had a higher serum creatinine level (P<.001) and a greater incidence of hypertension (P=.04). No differences were found in cardiac allograft ischemic times, including cardiopulmonary bypass or cross-clamp times. Kidney allograft ischemic time was 14.6±9 hours (mean±SD; range, 4 hours to 49 hours). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were similar for the HKT and HT groups at 30 days (93%±4.6% versus 98%±0.7%), 1 year (87%±6.2% versus 93%±1.2%), 5 years (68%±9.0% versus 76%±2.1%), and 10 years (51%±11% versus 53%±3.0%; P=.54 for all comparisons). Follow-up serum creatinine levels were similar after HKT and HT at 30 days (1.6±1.8 mg/dL versus 1.1±0.4 mg/dL), 1 year (1.4±0.6 mg/dL versus 1.5±0.6 mg/dL), and 5 years (1.8±1.8 mg/dL versus 1.8±1.2 mg/dL; P>.05 for all comparisons).
CONCLUSIONS: HKT offers excellent survival and similar renal function when compared with HT alone. Patients with end-stage cardiac and renal failure can be considered for HKT.