BACKGROUND: Exposure to arsenic through drinking water has been associated with impaired cognitive function in school-aged children in a few cross-sectional studies; however, there is little information on critical windows of exposure. METHODS: We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh. We assessed the association of arsenic exposure, based on urinary arsenic (U-As; twice during pregnancy and twice in childhood), with the development of about 1700 children at 5 years of age using Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence [intelligence quotient (IQ)]. RESULTS: Median maternal U-As in pregnancy was 80 µg/l (10-90 percentiles: 25-400 µg/l). Children's urine contained 35 (12-155) µg/l and 51 (20-238) µg/l at 1.5 and 5 years, respectively. Using multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, controlling for all potential confounders and loss to follow-up, we found that verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) were negatively associated with (log) U-As in girls. The associations were consistent, but somewhat stronger with concurrent arsenic exposure [VIQ: B = -2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.8 to -1.1; FSIQ: B = -1.4, 95% CI = -2.7 to -0.1, n = 817), compared with that at 1.5 years (VIQ: B = -0.85, 95% CI = -2.1 to 0.4; FSIQ: B = -0.74, 95% CI = -1.9 to 0.4, n = 902), late gestation (VIQ: B = -1.52, 95% CI = -2.6 to -0.4; FSIQ: B = -1.35, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.3, n = 874) and early gestation (VIQ: B = -1.23, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.06; FSIQ: B = -0.92, 95% CI = -2.0 to -0.2, n = 833). In boys, U-As showed consistently low and non-significant associations with all IQ measures. An effect size calculation indicated that 100 µg/l U-As was associated with a decrement of 1-3 points in both VIQ and FSIQ in girls. CONCLUSION: We found adverse effects of arsenic exposure on IQ in girls, but not boys, at 5 years of age.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to arsenic through drinking water has been associated with impaired cognitive function in school-aged children in a few cross-sectional studies; however, there is little information on critical windows of exposure. METHODS: We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh. We assessed the association of arsenic exposure, based on urinary arsenic (U-As; twice during pregnancy and twice in childhood), with the development of about 1700 children at 5 years of age using Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence [intelligence quotient (IQ)]. RESULTS: Median maternal U-As in pregnancy was 80 µg/l (10-90 percentiles: 25-400 µg/l). Children's urine contained 35 (12-155) µg/l and 51 (20-238) µg/l at 1.5 and 5 years, respectively. Using multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, controlling for all potential confounders and loss to follow-up, we found that verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) were negatively associated with (log) U-As in girls. The associations were consistent, but somewhat stronger with concurrent arsenic exposure [VIQ: B = -2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.8 to -1.1; FSIQ: B = -1.4, 95% CI = -2.7 to -0.1, n = 817), compared with that at 1.5 years (VIQ: B = -0.85, 95% CI = -2.1 to 0.4; FSIQ: B = -0.74, 95% CI = -1.9 to 0.4, n = 902), late gestation (VIQ: B = -1.52, 95% CI = -2.6 to -0.4; FSIQ: B = -1.35, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.3, n = 874) and early gestation (VIQ: B = -1.23, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.06; FSIQ: B = -0.92, 95% CI = -2.0 to -0.2, n = 833). In boys, U-As showed consistently low and non-significant associations with all IQ measures. An effect size calculation indicated that 100 µg/l U-As was associated with a decrement of 1-3 points in both VIQ and FSIQ in girls. CONCLUSION: We found adverse effects of arsenic exposure on IQ in girls, but not boys, at 5 years of age.
Authors: Paul B Tchounwou; Clement G Yedjou; Udensi K Udensi; Maricica Pacurari; Jacqueline J Stevens; Anita K Patlolla; Felicite Noubissi; Sanjay Kumar Journal: Environ Toxicol Date: 2018-12-04 Impact factor: 4.119
Authors: Andres Cardenas; E Andres Houseman; Andrea A Baccarelli; Quazi Quamruzzaman; Mahmuder Rahman; Golam Mostofa; Robert O Wright; David C Christiani; Molly L Kile Journal: Epigenetics Date: 2015 Impact factor: 4.528
Authors: Jane J Lee; Kush Kapur; Ema G Rodrigues; Md Omar Sharif Ibne Hasan; Quazi Quamruzzaman; Robert O Wright; David C Bellinger; David C Christiani; Maitreyi Mazumdar Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2017-07-27 Impact factor: 7.963
Authors: Clint R Carroll; Carolyn Noonan; Eva M Garroutte; Ana Navas-Acien; Steven P Verney; Dedra Buchwald Journal: Environ Res Date: 2017-05-12 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Lisa Smeester; Paige A Bommarito; Elizabeth M Martin; Rogelio Recio-Vega; Tania Gonzalez-Cortes; Edgar Olivas-Calderon; R Clark Lantz; Rebecca C Fry Journal: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol Date: 2017-04-08 Impact factor: 4.860
Authors: Hee Yeon Kim; Susanna H Wegner; Kirk P Van Ness; Julie Juyoung Park; Sara E Pacheco; Tomomi Workman; Sungwoo Hong; William Griffith; Elaine M Faustman Journal: Reprod Toxicol Date: 2016-08-11 Impact factor: 3.143