BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CKD is a risk factor for medial artery calcification, but the CKD stage at which this risk begins is unknown. Because breast arterial calcification (BAC) is a marker of generalized medial arterial calcification, mammography was used to detect medial arterial calcification in women with different CKD stages. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of women with and without CKD matched for age and diabetes and identified from mammograms obtained in 2006-2011. BAC was scored as present or absent per visual inspection. RESULTS: A total of 146 women with stage 3 CKD and 54 with stage 4/5 CKD were identified. An additional 21 patients with ESRD were identified and added to a previous cohort of 71 patients. Mean age was 64 years for CKD 3, 63 for CKD 4, and 59 for ESRD. Half of each group had diabetes. Compared with controls, the odds ratios for BAC were 1.44 in CKD 3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-2.53), 2.69 in CKD 4 (95% CI, 1.14-6.33), and 7.19 in ESRD (95% CI, 3.77-13.7) and did not differ with diabetic status or race. In a multivariable logistic model, age (P<0.001) and estimated GFR (P=0.005) were independent predictors of BAC. The odds ratio for BAC increased 4% for each milliliter per minute per 1.73 m(2) decrease in estimated GFR. The prevalence of BAC in CKD was increased in each decade of age over 49 years. CONCLUSIONS: CKD is an independent risk factor for medial arterial calcification.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CKD is a risk factor for medial artery calcification, but the CKD stage at which this risk begins is unknown. Because breast arterial calcification (BAC) is a marker of generalized medial arterial calcification, mammography was used to detect medial arterial calcification in women with different CKD stages. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of women with and without CKD matched for age and diabetes and identified from mammograms obtained in 2006-2011. BAC was scored as present or absent per visual inspection. RESULTS: A total of 146 women with stage 3 CKD and 54 with stage 4/5 CKD were identified. An additional 21 patients with ESRD were identified and added to a previous cohort of 71 patients. Mean age was 64 years for CKD 3, 63 for CKD 4, and 59 for ESRD. Half of each group had diabetes. Compared with controls, the odds ratios for BAC were 1.44 in CKD 3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-2.53), 2.69 in CKD 4 (95% CI, 1.14-6.33), and 7.19 in ESRD (95% CI, 3.77-13.7) and did not differ with diabetic status or race. In a multivariable logistic model, age (P<0.001) and estimated GFR (P=0.005) were independent predictors of BAC. The odds ratio for BAC increased 4% for each milliliter per minute per 1.73 m(2) decrease in estimated GFR. The prevalence of BAC in CKD was increased in each decade of age over 49 years. CONCLUSIONS: CKD is an independent risk factor for medial arterial calcification.
Authors: Andrew S Levey; Josef Coresh; Tom Greene; Lesley A Stevens; Yaping Lucy Zhang; Stephen Hendriksen; John W Kusek; Frederick Van Lente Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2006-08-15 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: J M Kemmeren; P A van Noord; D Beijerinck; J Fracheboud; J D Banga; Y van der Graaf Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1998-02-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Koba A Lomashvili; Kelly E Manning; M Neale Weitzmann; Valentin Nelea; Marc D McKee; W Charles O'Neill Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2016-12-08 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: Patrick S Parfrey; Tilman B Drüeke; Geoffrey A Block; Ricardo Correa-Rotter; Jürgen Floege; Charles A Herzog; Gerard M London; Kenneth W Mahaffey; Sharon M Moe; David C Wheeler; Yumi Kubo; Bastian Dehmel; William G Goodman; Glenn M Chertow Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2015-02-20 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Tushar J Vachharajani; Louise M Moist; Marc H Glickman; Miguel A Vazquez; Kevan R Polkinghorne; Charmaine E Lok; Timmy C Lee Journal: Nat Rev Nephrol Date: 2013-12-03 Impact factor: 28.314
Authors: Louise M Moist; Charmaine E Lok; Tushar J Vachharajani; Wang Xi; Ahmed AlJaishi; Kevan R Polkinghorne; Miguel Vazquez; Timmy C Lee Journal: Semin Dial Date: 2012 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Wei Chen; Jessica Fitzpatrick; Jose M Monroy-Trujillo; Stephen M Sozio; Bernard G Jaar; Michelle M Estrella; Jishyra Serrano; Viktoriya Anokhina; Benjamin L Miller; Michal L Melamed; David A Bushinsky; Rulan S Parekh Journal: Am J Kidney Dis Date: 2020-08-13 Impact factor: 8.860