[Leg lengthening--historical review and current techniques].

The techniques earlier used for leg lengthening were notorious for their complications, and as late as the 1960s some authorities would not consider lengthening unless amputation was the alternative. The method introduced by Wagner in the 60s had the advantage of a stable external fixation, permitting the patients to be mobilized. The drawback was that at least three operations were needed: external fixation and osteotomy, bone grafting and internal fixation, and, finally, removal of the plate. With the Ilizarov technique, no bone grafting is needed and bone lengthening up to at least 15 cm is possible. The main problems in leg lengthening are related to joints and soft tissue. Every surgeon performing leg lengthenings should be familiar with the possible problems and complications. He must establish very good relations with the patient and be ready to spend a considerable amount of time with the patient during the process.