BACKGROUND: Recently, we identified a microduplication in chromosomal band 1q21.1 encompassing the CHD1L/ALC1 gene encoding a chromatin-remodelling enzyme in congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) patient. METHODS: To explore the role of CHD1L in CAKUT, we screened 85 CAKUT patients for mutations in the CHD1L gene and performed functional analyses of the three heterozygous missense variants detected. In addition, we quantitatively determined CHD1L expression in multiple human fetal and adult tissues and analysed expression of CHD1L protein in human embryonal, adult and hydronephrotic kidney sections. RESULTS: Two of three novel heterozygous missense variants identified in three patients were not found in >400 control chromosomes. All variants lead to amino acid substitutions in or near the CHD1L macro domain, a poly-ADP-ribose (PAR)-binding module interacting with PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1), and showed decreased interaction with PARP1 by pull-down assay of transfected cell lysates. Quantitative messenger RNA analysis demonstrated high CHD1L expression in human fetal kidneys, and levels were four times higher than in adult kidneys. In the human embryo at 7-11 weeks gestation, CHD1L immunolocalized in the early ureteric bud and the S- and comma-shaped bodies, critical stages of kidney development. In normal postnatal sections, CHD1L was expressed in the cytoplasm of tubular cells in all tubule segments. CHD1L expression appeared higher in the hydronephrotic kidney of one patient with a hypofunctional CHD1L variant than in normal kidneys, recapitulating high fetal levels. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CHD1L plays a role in kidney development and may be a new candidate gene for CAKUT.
BACKGROUND: Recently, we identified a microduplication in chromosomal band 1q21.1 encompassing the CHD1L/ALC1 gene encoding a chromatin-remodelling enzyme in congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) patient. METHODS: To explore the role of CHD1L in CAKUT, we screened 85 CAKUT patients for mutations in the CHD1L gene and performed functional analyses of the three heterozygous missense variants detected. In addition, we quantitatively determined CHD1L expression in multiple human fetal and adult tissues and analysed expression of CHD1L protein in human embryonal, adult and hydronephrotic kidney sections. RESULTS: Two of three novel heterozygous missense variants identified in three patients were not found in >400 control chromosomes. All variants lead to amino acid substitutions in or near the CHD1L macro domain, a poly-ADP-ribose (PAR)-binding module interacting with PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1), and showed decreased interaction with PARP1 by pull-down assay of transfected cell lysates. Quantitative messenger RNA analysis demonstrated high CHD1L expression in human fetal kidneys, and levels were four times higher than in adult kidneys. In the human embryo at 7-11 weeks gestation, CHD1L immunolocalized in the early ureteric bud and the S- and comma-shaped bodies, critical stages of kidney development. In normal postnatal sections, CHD1L was expressed in the cytoplasm of tubular cells in all tubule segments. CHD1L expression appeared higher in the hydronephrotic kidney of one patient with a hypofunctional CHD1L variant than in normal kidneys, recapitulating high fetal levels. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CHD1L plays a role in kidney development and may be a new candidate gene for CAKUT.
Authors: Amelie T van der Ven; Dervla M Connaughton; Hadas Ityel; Nina Mann; Makiko Nakayama; Jing Chen; Asaf Vivante; Daw-Yang Hwang; Julian Schulz; Daniela A Braun; Johanna Magdalena Schmidt; David Schapiro; Ronen Schneider; Jillian K Warejko; Ankana Daga; Amar J Majmundar; Weizhen Tan; Tilman Jobst-Schwan; Tobias Hermle; Eugen Widmeier; Shazia Ashraf; Ali Amar; Charlotte A Hoogstraaten; Hannah Hugo; Thomas M Kitzler; Franziska Kause; Caroline M Kolvenbach; Rufeng Dai; Leslie Spaneas; Kassaundra Amann; Deborah R Stein; Michelle A Baum; Michael J G Somers; Nancy M Rodig; Michael A Ferguson; Avram Z Traum; Ghaleb H Daouk; Radovan Bogdanović; Natasa Stajić; Neveen A Soliman; Jameela A Kari; Sherif El Desoky; Hanan M Fathy; Danko Milosevic; Muna Al-Saffar; Hazem S Awad; Loai A Eid; Aravind Selvin; Prabha Senguttuvan; Simone Sanna-Cherchi; Heidi L Rehm; Daniel G MacArthur; Monkol Lek; Kristen M Laricchia; Michael W Wilson; Shrikant M Mane; Richard P Lifton; Richard S Lee; Stuart B Bauer; Weining Lu; Heiko M Reutter; Velibor Tasic; Shirlee Shril; Friedhelm Hildebrandt Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2018-08-24 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Michael L Nickerson; Garrett M Dancik; Kate M Im; Michael G Edwards; Sevilay Turan; Joseph Brown; Christina Ruiz-Rodriguez; Charles Owens; James C Costello; Guangwu Guo; Shirley X Tsang; Yingrui Li; Quan Zhou; Zhiming Cai; Lee E Moore; M Scott Lucia; Michael Dean; Dan Theodorescu Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2014-09-15 Impact factor: 12.531