Mass transport to micro- and nanoelectrodes and their arrays: a review.

The use of micro- and nanoelectrodes and their arrays has become commonplace in modern electrochemistry. Numerical simulation is often required for detailed analysis of voltammetric data and this relies upon an understanding of the prevailing mass transport operating under the experimental conditions. The theoretical basis of our understanding of mass transport, particularly diffusion and migration, has developed greatly in recent years. We review both theoretical and experimental studies which have probed the mass transport at micro- and nanoelectrodes and their arrays.