Exploration of session process: relationship to depth and alliance.

This study investigates the relationship between the Depth of elaboration, the therapeutic alliance, and dimensions of the psychotherapy process--the therapist interventions, the patient contributions, and patient/therapist patterns of interaction. Sixty psychotherapy sessions that were audio-taped and transcribed were rated by external judges by using a battery of instruments that included the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (Jones, 1985, 2000), the Working Alliance Inventory-Observer (Horvath, 1981, 1982; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989), and the Depth Scale of Session Evaluation Questionnaire (Stiles & Snow, 1984a). The results show a significant positive correlation between Depth and therapeutic alliance, as well as between Depth, therapeutic alliance, and some variables of the therapeutic process. The findings indicate the importance of therapist interventions that focus on the patient's affects, relational patterns, and the "here and now" of the relationship in the increase of the Depth of elaboration and therapeutic alliance. The clinical implications of this study will be discussed.