Immobilization of aptamer-based molecular beacons onto optically-encoded micro-sized beads.

This paper presents a method for the novel immobilization of aptamer-based molecular beacons (apta-beacons) onto optically-encoded micro-sized beads (apta-beacon beads). To immobilize apta-beacons onto flourescently-encoded micro-sized beads, core-shell type beads containing a fluorescent dye-encoded core and apta beacon-coupled shell were prepared. The fluorescent dye-encoded beads were prepared from TentaGel resins by coupling RITC to the amino groups of the core region, after partial protection of amino groups with Fmoc-OSu in a diffusion-controlled manner. After deprotection of the Fmoc-amino groups, FITC-coupled molecular beacons (MBs) were immobilized to the beads together with a quencher by covelent bonding. Briefly, aspartic acid (Asp) was coupled to the shell part of the beads. Then, the quencher was coupled to the N-terminal amino group of Asp and the MBs were coupled to the side chain carboxyl group. In a model study, thrombin was directly detected using this apta-beacon bead method. The thrombin-bound apta-beacon beads were easily recognized by the appearance of fluorescence without any further labeling step.