Gymnast's wrist.

The wrist is a frequent site of symptoms and injury in the gymnast, both acute and chronic. The chronic injuries are due to repetitive loading of the musculoskeletal system, and their incidence rises as participation and level of competition rises. More attention needs to be directed toward prevention, but many of these injuries seem to be inherent to the sport as it transforms the upper extremities into weight-bearing limbs. Evaluation and recognition of wrist injuries in the gymnast will allow appropriate management for these patients; however, the compulsive and intense nature of many gymnasts can lead to recurrent or new injury and continued wrist symptoms. Much more sophisticated and detailed examination of the gymnast's wrist should be done before onset of training, before increase of intensity of training, before competition, and with the onset of any symptoms, including observed guarding. In addition, pretraining and annual follow-up wrist radiographs should be considered for the skeletally immature gymnast. Follow-up evaluation after skeletal maturity and retirement from active participation is needed to elucidate the long-term effect of gymnastics on the wrist.