PURPOSE: Intellectual disability (ID) is a major public health issue, affecting more than 1% of children worldwide. Pediatric vision screening using standard eye charts may be challenging for children with ID, who may benefit from a quick noninvasive vision screening tool. This study evaluated the accuracy of plusoptiX S04 (Plusoptix Gmbh, Nuremberg, Germany) in detecting amblyopia risk factors in children with ID. METHODS: Children diagnosed with ID according to age-appropriate psychological tests were examined consecutively. Vision screening was performed using the plusoptiX S04 prior to complete ophthalmological examination, including cycloplegic refraction. Pass/refer screening results was compared with findings of ophthalmological examination. Amblyogenic risk factors were defined according to American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus referral criteria. RESULTS: A total of 182 infants and children were examined. Only 3% of children were uncooperative for screening. Ophthalmological examination detected amblyogenic risk factors in 32% of patients. The sensitivity of plusoptiX S04 was 95% (95% CI, 85.6%-98.9%), and specificity was 50% (95% CI, 40.8%-59.1%). The positive predictive value was 47% (95% CI, 37.7%-56.4%) and the negative predictive value was 95.4% (95% CI, 87.1%-99.1%). CONCLUSIONS: High sensitivity and negative predictive values suggest that the plusoptiX S04 will detect most children with ID who have amblyogenic risk factors, but one-half of all children referred will have no risk factors.
PURPOSE: Intellectual disability (ID) is a major public health issue, affecting more than 1% of children worldwide. Pediatric vision screening using standard eye charts may be challenging for children with ID, who may benefit from a quick noninvasive vision screening tool. This study evaluated the accuracy of plusoptiX S04 (Plusoptix Gmbh, Nuremberg, Germany) in detecting amblyopia risk factors in children with ID. METHODS:Children diagnosed with ID according to age-appropriate psychological tests were examined consecutively. Vision screening was performed using the plusoptiX S04 prior to complete ophthalmological examination, including cycloplegic refraction. Pass/refer screening results was compared with findings of ophthalmological examination. Amblyogenic risk factors were defined according to American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus referral criteria. RESULTS: A total of 182 infants and children were examined. Only 3% of children were uncooperative for screening. Ophthalmological examination detected amblyogenic risk factors in 32% of patients. The sensitivity of plusoptiX S04 was 95% (95% CI, 85.6%-98.9%), and specificity was 50% (95% CI, 40.8%-59.1%). The positive predictive value was 47% (95% CI, 37.7%-56.4%) and the negative predictive value was 95.4% (95% CI, 87.1%-99.1%). CONCLUSIONS: High sensitivity and negative predictive values suggest that the plusoptiX S04 will detect most children with ID who have amblyogenic risk factors, but one-half of all children referred will have no risk factors.
Authors: Mae Millicent W Peterseim; Carrie E Papa; M Edward Wilson; Edward W Cheeseman; Bethany J Wolf; Jennifer D Davidson; Rupal H Trivedi Journal: Am J Ophthalmol Date: 2014-08-01 Impact factor: 5.258
Authors: Daniela Lima de Jesus; Flávio Fernandes Villela; Luis Fernando Orlandin; Fernando Naves Eiji; Daniel Oliveira Dantas; Milton Ruiz Alves Journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) Date: 2016-02 Impact factor: 2.365