Jie Deng1, Liang Zhuang, Yuan Chen. 1. Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important determinant of radioresponse, the elevated expression and activity of which frequently correlates with radioresistance in several cancers, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The molecular blockade of EGFR signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy for the enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy. The aims of the present study are to observe whether gefitinib, a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can radiosensitize the NSCLC H358 cell line and to investigate the mechanism by which this drug restores the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. METHODS: NSCLC cell line H358 was divided into two groups, namely the X-ray and the gefitinib-interfering groups. The former was irradiated using X-ray only, and the latter was treated with 1 μmol/L gefitinib 24 h before irradiation under the same conditions. The cells were tested using the clonogenic cell survival assay to identify the radiosensitivity of both groups. Immunostaining for confocal microscopy was used to observe nuclear γ-H2AX repair and EGFR foci after irradiation. Nuclear EGFR expression was detected using Western blot after radiotherapy. RESULTS: In the clonogenic cell survival assay, the survival fraction in the gefitinib-interfering group was lower than that in the X-ray group at different doses. Surviving fraction of 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.000,865 and 0.011,1 for the gefitinib-interfering and the X-ray groups, respectively. Sensivive enhancement ratio (SER) was 2.815. Immunostaining for confocal microscopy suggested that more nuclear γ-H2AX foci are present in the gefitinib-interfering group than in the X-ray group. The nuclear γ-H2AX foci also stayed longer in the gefitinib-interfering group. EGFR translocated into the nucleus within 1 h in X-ray group, but stayed in the cytoplasma in the gefitinib-interfering group. Western blot was tested using SPSS 13.0, P=0.042. CONCLUSION: Gefitinib, at the cellular level, radiosensitizes EGFR with NSCLC H358 by blocking EGFR nuclear translocation as one of its mechanisms.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important determinant of radioresponse, the elevated expression and activity of which frequently correlates with radioresistance in several cancers, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The molecular blockade of EGFR signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy for the enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy. The aims of the present study are to observe whether gefitinib, a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can radiosensitize the NSCLCH358 cell line and to investigate the mechanism by which this drug restores the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. METHODS:NSCLC cell line H358 was divided into two groups, namely the X-ray and the gefitinib-interfering groups. The former was irradiated using X-ray only, and the latter was treated with 1 μmol/L gefitinib 24 h before irradiation under the same conditions. The cells were tested using the clonogenic cell survival assay to identify the radiosensitivity of both groups. Immunostaining for confocal microscopy was used to observe nuclear γ-H2AX repair and EGFR foci after irradiation. Nuclear EGFR expression was detected using Western blot after radiotherapy. RESULTS: In the clonogenic cell survival assay, the survival fraction in the gefitinib-interfering group was lower than that in the X-ray group at different doses. Surviving fraction of 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.000,865 and 0.011,1 for the gefitinib-interfering and the X-ray groups, respectively. Sensivive enhancement ratio (SER) was 2.815. Immunostaining for confocal microscopy suggested that more nuclear γ-H2AX foci are present in the gefitinib-interfering group than in the X-ray group. The nuclear γ-H2AX foci also stayed longer in the gefitinib-interfering group. EGFR translocated into the nucleus within 1 h in X-ray group, but stayed in the cytoplasma in the gefitinib-interfering group. Western blot was tested using SPSS 13.0, P=0.042. CONCLUSION:Gefitinib, at the cellular level, radiosensitizes EGFR with NSCLCH358 by blocking EGFR nuclear translocation as one of its mechanisms.
Immunostaining for confocal microscopy testing for nuclear γ-H2AX foci of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group.
激光共聚焦显微镜观察H358细胞4 Gy放疗后不同时间点细胞核内γ-H2AX焦点的情况。A:X线组; B:X线+吉非替尼组。Immunostaining for confocal microscopy testing for nuclear γ-H2AX foci of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group.
Immunostaining for confocal microscopy testing for nuclear EGFR foci of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group.
激光共聚焦显微镜观察H358细胞4 Gy放疗后不同时间点细胞核内EGFR焦点的情况。A:X线组B:X线+吉非替尼组。Immunostaining for confocal microscopy testing for nuclear EGFR foci of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group.
Western blot检测H358细胞4 Gy放疗后不同时间点细胞核内EGFR的表达情况。A:X线组; B:X线+吉非替尼组; C:EGFR带灰度定量柱状图。
Western blot testing for nuclear EGFR of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group; C: The densitometric analysis of EGFR expression.
Western blot检测H358细胞4 Gy放疗后不同时间点细胞核内EGFR的表达情况。A:X线组; B:X线+吉非替尼组; C:EGFR带灰度定量柱状图。Western blot testing for nuclear EGFR of H358 cells after 4 Gy X ray. A: X ray group; B: X ray+Gefitinib group; C: The densitometric analysis of EGFR expression.
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