Wide-scale screening of T-DNA lines for transcription factor genes affecting male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.

Male gametophyte development leading to the formation of a mature pollen grain is precisely controlled at various levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational, during its whole progression. Transcriptomic studies exploiting genome-wide microarray technologies revealed the uniqueness of pollen transcriptome and the dynamics of early and late successive global gene expression programs. However, the knowledge of transcription regulation is still very limited. In this study, we focused on the identification of pollen-expressed transcription factor (TF) genes involved in the regulation of male gametophyte development. To achieve this, the reverse genetic approach was used. Seventy-four T-DNA insertion lines were screened, representing 49 genes of 21 TF families active in either early or late pollen development. In the screen, ten phenotype categories were distinguished, affecting various structural or functional aspects, including pollen abortion, presence of inclusions, variable pollen grain size, disrupted cell wall structure, cell cycle defects, and male germ unit organization. Thirteen lines were not confirmed to contain the T-DNA insertion. Among 61 confirmed lines, about half (29 lines) showed strong phenotypic changes (i.e., ≥ 25% aberrant pollen) including four lines that produced a remarkably high proportion (70-100%) of disturbed pollen. However, the remaining 32 lines exhibited mild defects or resembled wild-type appearance. There was no significant bias toward any phenotype category among early and late TF genes, nor, interestingly, within individual TF families. Presented results have a potential to serve as a basal information resource for future research on the importance of respective TFs in male gametophyte development.