Successful liver transplantation following veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a child with fulminant Wilson disease and severe pulmonary hemorrhage: a case report.

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage and other serious cardiopulmonary diseases in patients with fulminant hepatitis result not only in graft failure but also mortality after LT. ECMO is used to treat children with cardiorespiratory failure refractory to conventional intensive care. We describe a five-yr-old girl with genetically confirmed fulminant Wilson disease and severe pulmonary hemorrhage who underwent successful primary LT following veno-arterial ECMO. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful primary LT in a patient using veno-arterial ECMO. The present case demonstrates that ECMO, as a bridging modality to LT, may be necessary to manage both massive pulmonary hemorrhage and possible graft loss because of hypoxemia.