Mucosal and peripheral Lin- HLA-DR+ CD11c/123- CD13+ CD14- mononuclear cells are preferentially infected during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

Massive infection of memory CD4 T cells is a hallmark of early simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, with viral infection peaking at day 10 postinfection (p.i.), when a majority of memory CD4 T cells in mucosal and peripheral tissues are infected. It is not clear if mononuclear cells from the monocyte and macrophage lineages are similarly infected during this early phase of explosive HIV and SIV infections. Here we show that, at day 10 p.i., Lin(-) HLA-DR(+) CD11c/123(-) CD13(+) CD14(-) macrophages in the jejunal mucosa were infected, albeit at lower levels than CD4 memory T cells. Interestingly, Lin(-) HLA-DR(+) CD11c/123(-) CD13(+) CD14(-) macrophages in peripheral blood, like their mucosal counterparts, were preferentially infected compared to Lin(-) HLA-DR(+) CD11c/123(-) CD13(+) CD14(+) monocytes, suggesting that differentiated macrophages were selectively infected by SIV. CD13(+) CD14(-) macrophages expressed low levels of CD4 compared to CD4 T cells but expressed similar levels of CCR5 as lymphocytes. Interestingly, CD13(+) CD14(-) macrophages expressed Apobec3G at lower levels than CD13(+) CD14(+) monocytes, suggesting that intracellular restriction may contribute to the differential infection of mononuclear subsets. Taken together, our results suggest that CD13(+) CD14(-) macrophages in mucosal and peripheral tissues are preferentially infected very early during the course of SIV infection.