BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors during a sensitive period can influence child development in a sex-related manner. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether sex modulates the responses of relevant biochemical parameters and growth to different protein intakes early in life. DESIGN: In a randomized controlled trial, formula-fed infants were assigned to receive formula with higher protein (HP) or lower protein (LP) content. The main outcome measures were insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1axis parameters, weight, length, BMI, leptin, and C-peptide/creatinine ratio at 6 mo of age. Dietary intake during the first 6 mo of life was also assessed. RESULTS: The IGF-1 axis response to HP feeding was modulated by sex. Total and free IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 concentrations were higher in girls than in boys. Compared with the LP diet, the HP diet was associated with higher IGF-1 and lower IGF binding protein 2 secretion. The response to this HP content formula tended to be stronger in girls than in boys. The HP diet was associated with a higher C-peptide/creatinine ratio. The leptin concentration was higher in girls than in boys and was correlated to the IGF-1 axis parameters. No interaction between sex and nutritional intervention was shown on growth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the endocrine response to a high protein diet early in life may be modulated by sex. The IGF-1 axis of female infants shows a stronger response to the nutritional intervention than does that of male infants, but there is no enhanced effect on growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00338689.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors during a sensitive period can influence child development in a sex-related manner. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether sex modulates the responses of relevant biochemical parameters and growth to different protein intakes early in life. DESIGN: In a randomized controlled trial, formula-fed infants were assigned to receive formula with higher protein (HP) or lower protein (LP) content. The main outcome measures were insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis parameters, weight, length, BMI, leptin, and C-peptide/creatinine ratio at 6 mo of age. Dietary intake during the first 6 mo of life was also assessed. RESULTS: The IGF-1 axis response to HP feeding was modulated by sex. Total and free IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 concentrations were higher in girls than in boys. Compared with the LP diet, the HP diet was associated with higher IGF-1 and lower IGF binding protein 2 secretion. The response to this HP content formula tended to be stronger in girls than in boys. The HP diet was associated with a higher C-peptide/creatinine ratio. The leptin concentration was higher in girls than in boys and was correlated to the IGF-1 axis parameters. No interaction between sex and nutritional intervention was shown on growth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the endocrine response to a high protein diet early in life may be modulated by sex. The IGF-1 axis of female infants shows a stronger response to the nutritional intervention than does that of male infants, but there is no enhanced effect on growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00338689.
Authors: Annewieke W van den Beld; Olga D Carlson; Maire E Doyle; Dimitris Rizopoulos; Luigi Ferrucci; Aart Jan van der Lely; Josephine M Egan Journal: Eur J Endocrinol Date: 2019-02-01 Impact factor: 6.664
Authors: T Voortman; K V E Braun; J C Kiefte-de Jong; V W V Jaddoe; O H Franco; E H van den Hooven Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2016-02-15 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Anke L B Günther; Helena Walz; Anja Kroke; Stefan A Wudy; Christina Riedel; Rüdiger von Kries; Gesa Joslowski; Thomas Remer; Guo Cheng; Anette E Buyken Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-11-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Trudy Voortman; Edith H van den Hooven; Myrte J Tielemans; Albert Hofman; Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong; Vincent W V Jaddoe; Oscar H Franco Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2015-09-02 Impact factor: 5.614