Analysis of facial cold receptor activity in the rat.

Afferent activity of single facial cold receptors was extracellularly recorded from infraorbital nerve fibers in the rat, and the response properties of 28 receptors to thermal stimulation were quantitatively studied. Generally, on repeated stimulation, the afferent activity was highly reproducible and was not dependent on previous adapting temperatures. At constant temperatures, a periodic pattern was apparent in the discharges of 24 receptors; in the remaining 4 receptors periodic elements could not reliably be detected. The temperature dependence of the cyclic pattern corresponded to that observed in other mammalian cold receptor populations: we observed regular impulse groups (bursts) at lower and beating activity at higher adapting temperatures. Rapid changes of temperature induced transient alterations of activity. The dynamic response to cooling was biphasic, indicating a complex sequence of receptor events. A transient acceleration of impulse frequency was followed by a dynamic burst discharge which was characterized by longer pauses and a greater number of impulses per burst compared with the steady-state activity at the same temperature. This indicates a deceleration of the periodic receptor events during the adaptation process following dynamic responses, which is accompanied by a concomitant shift of these processes to a more pronounced suprathreshold condition. In an additional series of experiments, parameters of the periodic activity in the rat were compared with corresponding data of facial and lingual cold receptors in the cat. Whereas the number of impulses per cycle was similar in the 3 receptor populations, the frequency of the periodic pattern proved to be considerably higher in the rat than in the cat.