Facile fabrication of a superamphiphobic surface on the copper substrate.

A simple solution-immersion technique was developed for the fabrication of a superamphiphobic surface on the copper sheet. Hierarchical structure composed of nanorod arrays and microflowers was formed on the copper surface by an alkali assistant oxidation process; after fluorination, the surface became super-repellent toward water and several organic liquids possessing much lower surface tension than that of water, such as hexadecane. Such superamphiphobicity is attributed to the synergistic effect of their special surface chemicals and microscopic structures, which allows for the formation of a composite interface with all probing liquids tested. We also discuss the effects of surface chemical constituent and geometrical structure on hydrophobicity and oleophobicity; such information allows us to engineer surfaces with specific oleophobic behavior. Additionally, the stability of the composite interface on the created superamphiphobic surface is studied by the compression and immersion test.