BACKGROUND: Our aims were to investigate whether the association between smoking and survival is significant when adjusted for prognostic factors including use of epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the Glasgow Prognostic Score, an established score for inflammation, and to explore prognostic factors. METHODS: We analyzed 244 patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer in a registry, including only chemotherapy-receiving outpatients with performance status zero. RESULTS: Of 244 patients, 170 had died and the median follow-up time for the 74 surviving patients was 12.0 months. In multivariate Cox regression, smoker (hazard ratio compared to never-smoker: 1.67, P < 0.01), stage IV (hazard ratio compared to IIIB: 1.72, P < 0.01), and elevated C-reactive protein level (hazard ratio per 1 mg/dL increase: 1.08, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with shorter survival. The association between survival and smoking was significant, even after adjustment for the Glasgow Prognostic Score and regimens of chemotherapy (hazard ratio: 1.72, P = 0.02). In never-smokers, increased neutrophils were a major determinant of shorter survival and the interaction test between smoking and neutrophils was significant (hazard ratio per 1,000/mm(3) increase for smokers: 1.01; hazard ratio per 1,000/mm(3) increase for never-smokers: 1.44, P for interaction <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Known factors including treatment response or inflammatory process are not responsible for the fact that advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients without any history of smoking have better survival than those who have smoked.
BACKGROUND: Our aims were to investigate whether the association between smoking and survival is significant when adjusted for prognostic factors including use of epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the Glasgow Prognostic Score, an established score for inflammation, and to explore prognostic factors. METHODS: We analyzed 244 patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer in a registry, including only chemotherapy-receiving outpatients with performance status zero. RESULTS: Of 244 patients, 170 had died and the median follow-up time for the 74 surviving patients was 12.0 months. In multivariate Cox regression, smoker (hazard ratio compared to never-smoker: 1.67, P < 0.01), stage IV (hazard ratio compared to IIIB: 1.72, P < 0.01), and elevated C-reactive protein level (hazard ratio per 1 mg/dL increase: 1.08, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with shorter survival. The association between survival and smoking was significant, even after adjustment for the Glasgow Prognostic Score and regimens of chemotherapy (hazard ratio: 1.72, P = 0.02). In never-smokers, increased neutrophils were a major determinant of shorter survival and the interaction test between smoking and neutrophils was significant (hazard ratio per 1,000/mm(3) increase for smokers: 1.01; hazard ratio per 1,000/mm(3) increase for never-smokers: 1.44, P for interaction <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Known factors including treatment response or inflammatory process are not responsible for the fact that advanced non-small-cell lung cancerpatients without any history of smoking have better survival than those who have smoked.
Authors: P Therasse; S G Arbuck; E A Eisenhauer; J Wanders; R S Kaplan; L Rubinstein; J Verweij; M Van Glabbeke; A T van Oosterom; M C Christian; S G Gwyther Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2000-02-02 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: C J Chen; H Y Wu; Y C Chuang; A S Chang; K T Luh; H H Chao; K Y Chen; S G Chen; G M Lai; H H Huang Journal: Anticancer Res Date: 1990 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 2.480
Authors: Heather A Wakelee; Ellen T Chang; Scarlett L Gomez; Theresa H Keegan; Diane Feskanich; Christina A Clarke; Lars Holmberg; Lee C Yong; Laurence N Kolonel; Michael K Gould; Dee W West Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2007-02-10 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Dilyara G Yanbaeva; Mieke A Dentener; Eva C Creutzberg; Geertjan Wesseling; Emiel F M Wouters Journal: Chest Date: 2007-05 Impact factor: 9.410
Authors: Daniel Keizman; Maya Gottfried; Maya Ish-Shalom; Natalie Maimon; Avivit Peer; Avivit Neumann; Hans Hammers; Mario A Eisenberger; Victoria Sinibaldi; Roberto Pili; Henry Hayat; Svetlana Kovel; Avishay Sella; Ben Boursi; Rony Weitzen; Wilmosh Mermershtain; Keren Rouvinov; Raanan Berger; Michael A Carducci Journal: Oncologist Date: 2013-12-05