BACKGROUND: The authors have recently identified three main mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among World Cup (WC) alpine skiers, termed as "the slip-catch", "the landing back-weighted" and "the dynamic snowplow". However, for a more complete understanding of how these injuries occur, a description of the events leading to the injury situations is also needed. OBJECTIVE: To describe the skiing situation leading to ACL injuries in WC alpine skiing. METHODS: Twenty cases of ACL injuries reported through the International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System (FIS ISS)for three consecutive WC seasons (2006-2009) were obtained on video. Ten experts (9 WC coaches, 1 former WC athlete) performed visual analyses of each case to describe in their own words, factors they thought may have contributed to the injury situation related to different predefined categories: (1) skier technique, (2) skier strategy, (3) equipment, (4) speed and course setting, (5) visibility, snow and piste conditions and (6) any other factors. RESULTS: Factors related to the three categories, namely skier technique, skier strategy, and visibility, snow and piste conditions, were assumed to be the main contributors to the injury situations. Skier errors, technical mistakes and inappropriate tactical choices, were the dominant factors. In addition, bumpy conditions, aggressive snow, reduced visibility and course difficulties were assumed to contribute. CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic video analysis of 20 injury situations, factors related to skier technique, skier strategy and specific race conditions were identified as the main contributors leading to injury situations.
BACKGROUND: The authors have recently identified three main mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among World Cup (WC) alpine skiers, termed as "the slip-catch", "the landing back-weighted" and "the dynamic snowplow". However, for a more complete understanding of how these injuries occur, a description of the events leading to the injury situations is also needed. OBJECTIVE: To describe the skiing situation leading to ACL injuries in WC alpine skiing. METHODS: Twenty cases of ACL injuries reported through the International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System (FIS ISS)for three consecutive WC seasons (2006-2009) were obtained on video. Ten experts (9 WC coaches, 1 former WC athlete) performed visual analyses of each case to describe in their own words, factors they thought may have contributed to the injury situation related to different predefined categories: (1) skier technique, (2) skier strategy, (3) equipment, (4) speed and course setting, (5) visibility, snow and piste conditions and (6) any other factors. RESULTS: Factors related to the three categories, namely skier technique, skier strategy, and visibility, snow and piste conditions, were assumed to be the main contributors to the injury situations. Skier errors, technical mistakes and inappropriate tactical choices, were the dominant factors. In addition, bumpy conditions, aggressive snow, reduced visibility and course difficulties were assumed to contribute. CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic video analysis of 20 injury situations, factors related to skier technique, skier strategy and specific race conditions were identified as the main contributors leading to injury situations.
Authors: Mitchell C Tarka; Annabelle Davey; Geordie C Lonza; Casey M O'Brien; John P Delaney; Nathan K Endres Journal: Sports Health Date: 2019-01-28 Impact factor: 3.843
Authors: Jörg Spörri; Josef Kröll; Hermann Schwameder; Christian Schiefermüller; Erich Müller Journal: Br J Sports Med Date: 2012-09-14 Impact factor: 13.800
Authors: Brandon J Erickson; Joshua D Harris; Yale A Fillingham; Greg L Cvetanovich; Sanjeev Bhatia; Bernard R Bach; Charles A Bush-Joseph; Brian J Cole Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2013-11-07
Authors: Kevin G Shea; Noah Archibald-Seiffer; Elizabeth Murdock; Nathan L Grimm; John C Jacobs; Stuart Willick; Heather Van Houten Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2014-01-22