BACKGROUND: We aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of late presentation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Denmark. METHODS: Incidence rates (IR) of presentation with advanced HIV (CD4 < 200 cells/μl and/or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)) and late presentation (CD4 < 350 cells/μl and/or AIDS) were calculated per 100,000 population aged 16-60 y. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: Three thousand and twenty-seven individuals were diagnosed with HIV in 1995-2009; 34.7% presented with advanced HIV and 51.2% were late presenters. The IR of HIV was stable (6.2/100,000 population), but IR of presentation with advanced HIV declined during the study period from 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.8) to 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Age >50 y, heterosexuals of non-Danish origin, 'other' route of transmission, and diagnosis before 2002 were associated with an increased risk of presenting with advanced HIV, whereas a negative HIV test prior to diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced risk. A total of 414 individuals (40.0%) had attended a hospital 1-3 y before presenting with advanced HIV. After 2002 the proportion of men who have sex with men with a negative HIV test prior to diagnosis increased (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), coinciding with a reduction in IR of presentation with advanced HIV. Mortality rates were increased the first 2 y following presentation with advanced HIV (MRR 5.9, 95% CI 3.6-9.4 and MRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.1, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a setting with a low HIV prevalence, the rate of presentation with advanced HIV can potentially be reduced by repeated HIV testing of individuals with a continuous high risk of transmission and by adhering to guidelines for targeted HIV testing.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of late presentation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Denmark. METHODS: Incidence rates (IR) of presentation with advanced HIV (CD4 < 200 cells/μl and/or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)) and late presentation (CD4 < 350 cells/μl and/or AIDS) were calculated per 100,000 population aged 16-60 y. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: Three thousand and twenty-seven individuals were diagnosed with HIV in 1995-2009; 34.7% presented with advanced HIV and 51.2% were late presenters. The IR of HIV was stable (6.2/100,000 population), but IR of presentation with advanced HIV declined during the study period from 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.8) to 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Age >50 y, heterosexuals of non-Danish origin, 'other' route of transmission, and diagnosis before 2002 were associated with an increased risk of presenting with advanced HIV, whereas a negative HIV test prior to diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced risk. A total of 414 individuals (40.0%) had attended a hospital 1-3 y before presenting with advanced HIV. After 2002 the proportion of men who have sex with men with a negative HIV test prior to diagnosis increased (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), coinciding with a reduction in IR of presentation with advanced HIV. Mortality rates were increased the first 2 y following presentation with advanced HIV (MRR 5.9, 95% CI 3.6-9.4 and MRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.1, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a setting with a low HIV prevalence, the rate of presentation with advanced HIV can potentially be reduced by repeated HIV testing of individuals with a continuous high risk of transmission and by adhering to guidelines for targeted HIV testing.
Authors: Inês Dourado; Sarah MacCarthy; Carlos Lima; Maria Amélia Veras; Ligia Kerr; Ana Maria de Brito; Sofia Gruskin Journal: AIDS Care Date: 2014-07-17
Authors: Collins C Iwuji; Duncan Churchill; Yvonne Gilleece; Helen A Weiss; Martin Fisher Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2013-04-26 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: D Raben; A Mocroft; M Rayment; V M Mitsura; V Hadziosmanovic; Z M Sthoeger; A Palfreeman; S Morris; G Kutsyna; A Vassilenko; J Minton; C Necsoi; V P Estrada; A Grzeszczuk; V Svedhem Johansson; J Begovac; E L C Ong; A Cabié; F Ajana; B M Celesia; F Maltez; M Kitchen; L Comi; U B Dragsted; N Clumeck; J Gatell; B Gazzard; A d'Arminio Monforte; J Rockstroh; Y Yazdanpanah; K Champenois; M L Jakobsen; A Sullivan; J D Lundgren Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-11-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Marcin Moniuszko; Andrzej Moniuszko; Justyna Puciłowska; Karolina Kisluk; Marta Jeznach; Anna Grzeszczuk; Robert Flisiak; Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk Journal: J Med Case Rep Date: 2014-03-24