Failure of two subsequent renal grafts by anti-GBM glomerulonephritis in Alport's syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

We describe a patient with Alport's syndrome who developed severe crescentic glomerulonephritis after each of two successive transplantations, leading to accelerated graft failure on both occasions. This complication occurred in the 7th postoperative month for the first transplant and in the immediate postoperative period for the second. Immunopathological studies of the second transplant demonstrated that the glomerular lesions were mediated by antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies displaying the same pattern of reactivity as the MCA-Pl monoclonal antibody directed against the Good-pasture antigen. This observation indicates that the anti-GBM immunization induced by renal transplantation in some patients with Alport's syndrome may be responsible for recurrent graft failure.