Effects of brine ingredients and temperature on cook yields and tenderness of pre-rigor processed roast beef.

In semimembranosus (SM) muscles removed pre- and post-rigor and injected 10% (wt/wt) with brines formulated to give 2% salt, 1.5% glucose, 0.3% phosphate, 0.15% calcium chloride or 3% sodium lactate in the finished product and cooked within 1 h of injection, cook yields were not significantly affected by processing pre- or post-rigor. Within treatments, however, brine composition had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on cook yields; highest yields were obtained using salt (although this was not significantly different from the water injected control) and lowest yields with calcium chloride. Adding phosphate resulted in lower peak shear force values, and less energy was required to break the sample. The most tender roasts from pre-rigor meat were produced using salt, phosphate or lactate brines and the least tender using calcium chloride. Brine temperature (0-12 °C) during injection had little effect on cook yields or tenderness of the roast beef manufactured pre-rigor. The results indicate that accelerated processing of roast beef can result in finished product with acceptable yields and tenderness if salt and phosphate brines are used.